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Intertek and UL Solutions both run public directories you can search by model. USB-IF certification is a different question: its list covers USB compliance and says nothing about electrical safety.
The letter is oil resistance and the number is filtration, per CDC. Neither matters without a seal: OSHA requires a fit test before first use and a user seal check every time the respirator goes on.
A cheap compatible cartridge can seat, seal and dispense water while being certified for nothing but chlorine taste and odor. The claim on the box is checkable in a public listing; the filtration itself is not checkable in a kitchen.
Obvious counterfeit Pokémon cards fail a simple light test. A booster pack that was opened, searched and resealed does not look any different from a factory-sealed one.
Compatible bricks can be a fair value, but the safety paperwork a set skips is a bigger risk than whether the studs click as tightly as the original.
Counterfeit Morgan dollars increasingly arrive sealed in convincing fake grading slabs. The COPY marking law, a quick weight and diameter check, and how to verify a certification number.
A counterfeit card reports a capacity it does not have. It accepts everything you write and quietly overwrites the beginning — so the failure surfaces months later, when the photos are gone.
